"You are your masters" (published in the May 30, 2000, "Beijing Youth Daily") Cui Weiping About the author? Japan

Question:
"you are your masters" (published in the May 30, 2000, "Beijing Youth Daily") Cui Weiping About the author?

answer:
Cui Weiping, Yancheng in Jiangsu, Nanjing University, graduated from the undergraduate, graduate student in 1984 graduated from the Beijing Film Academy professor of the Department of the foundation. The main area of study: political philosophy, literature and film theory, the vanguard poetry, including contemporary - and the political culture of Eastern European movies, poetry, the "Dawn of the injuries", "invisible voice", "I have seen beautiful The scene, "a translation of" the spirit of Prague, "edited by" The Immortal Hai Zi ". In recent years, at the same time engaged in ideological and cultural comment on writing and translation are thinking of the Central and Eastern Europe and contemporary literature.

to provide the following Cui Weiping about to accept the "Southern Weekend," an interview with reporters Xia Yu's record, please read.

1 in life I am a listener

summer: I see in the media presentation of your curriculum vitae, he said: well-known scholars, cultural and ideological critics and translators. Commenting on the media when you use the "sharp" and "sharp" to describe such terms. You have to describe our own, you have the true state of what?

Choi: I think that he is "Si-min, clumsy words," the kind of person. Life in general I am a listener, and no strong defense. Often the case, and others talk, I will sit staring at other people, the brain does not know what to think of. May be in the minds of defense, but could not talk to, on the results of the written article. Thinking about this in detail, as if I had that feeling: Life is a need to be protected, care of things, it is a organism, a living material, a screen, can not undermine the "shade" would harm the organism. That the use of words has run, Jiabian space, but also inappropriate. I respect life and the distance.

summer: In that case, thinking it? On the terms of thinking what it means to you? We know that some people do not know what ideas, and some people thinking the value of life is greater than the value.

Cui: As for the thought, it was not the other, and that life is a gift of our gift. Thinking of the activities that we have made a double life: You experienced a lot in life there are all kinds of collisions, a variety of Tiansuankula experience when they come, are casual, accidental; but If you put them in the minds of the "replay" again, as an additional, you can be in accordance with their own understanding of them to re-arrange the portfolio to achieve some kind of understanding, you have to survive on the borders doubled. This process is the treatment of their own grief and recovery process, there have been many cracks in the folds of things, you turn around and meditation, reflection, it unwittingly had healed. I did not think things have been written by his "sharp", but perhaps I chose the standing position is that a relatively large cracks, a more people are feeling the pain, it looks a bit sharp.

2 double-edged sword words

summer: thinker, said if the idea is an edge, we now use a sharp knife to cut it to analyze and look what. I see you "to overcome the dark conscience," Would you say that the conscience is, what is the dark? Can you be specific about it?
Cui
: Talking about the "conscience" of the time for all of us care, this is not a topic of loud noises. "Conscience" is the most weak body strength, it usually does not say anything, and that does not make much noise, not to find fault with, but not overbearing. It is like a shadow as faithful to us, we are conservative and secret secret anguish. In some cases where we are wrong, unnatural and are not used to is moderate conscience in a way to remind us: What is the proper place to lose a proportion, while neglecting the proper sense of proportion. In this sense, some people will be known as the conscience of the "inner voice of God were," We do not know where to have this instinct. "Darkness" is a bit complicated. I use the word more to do with our own human flaws, blind, especially the history of the environment or the confusion and injustice for the people the spirit of the psychological harm caused by the so-called "the darkness of our own." If we are criticized around the unreasonable phenomenon, but its "dark" There is no perception of self-examination, the result will be to you, or are opposed to that thing. For example, we have just talked about, if there is a "smile of violence," and not to laugh is to die laughing while living, then behind it, still dragging a heavy shadow on the left. I think it is healthy to laugh myself included, the idea is to contain the health of their own, self-examination.

summer: an article entitled: "The intellectuals and life," Do you think we have the intellectuals do? Said given by the intellectuals is defined as: independent-minded unyielding belief.
Cui
: Why we do not have their own intellectuals? Well, you say we have our own workers, farmers do? I know what you mean, are you referring to the intellectuals to play a role. I believe that different environments do not like the role of intellectuals. I think the current Chinese intellectuals and intellectuals in the West do not like is that Chinese intellectuals to protect and help establish some basic social values, to safeguard some of the basic principles of humanity, not simply as French intellectuals surprisingly, is a Jean-Paul Sartre Astonishing remarks. For China, we are thinking of "bringing order out of chaos," the work is far from complete, some of the basic scale, the boundaries have yet to be established if there is social disintegration and disorder to the tendency, so the work of intellectuals is to help establish order And integration. The so-called intellectuals of "independence" should not be interpreted as a personal highlight, in China, in particular, should encourage the whole society to progress and civilization.

summer: I have a found that China is a lot of young creative writers are not willing to recognize that they are intellectuals. As if "intellectuals" is a humiliation of identity. Yu Hua says: do not like the Chinese intellectuals.
Cui
: Do you think China now has "a lot of young creative writers"? I do not think so. I know a good story editor, he did not like Yu Jie of the reasons is that many young people should have been his clients, he was editor of the fiction that the "ideal reader," but I do not know how Yu Jie became the readers . You see many of the novels written an article Yu Jie, however, there are a number of things need to think about this carefully, we can not simply blame the reader. Yu Hua said, I do not know the specific context of that phrase is, in turn, but anyone can say "do not like the Chinese novelist." If intellectuals is a "humiliation is the identity," then I want to say that I am a Chinese intellectuals, I originally thought that only after the death of their own, and so can not say that.

3 literature and personal experiences

summer: you concerned about the current context of Chinese literature it? Literature on your experience, what is it? Why is there in the public literature has been less and less important. Where do you think a problem?
Cui
: give an example to answer your question. Not long ago, watching television, see the introduction of a biology professor at Beijing University (Sorry, can not remember his name), he is a giant panda research in China, as well as white leaf monkey expert, said that his study of the animals are "black and white" He set up many obstacles to the protection of wild animals and admirable work. He explained why they would embark on this path, because reading Jack London's novels, read "Call of the Wild." For the first time in decades, he was very emotionally into the camera to repeat the "Call of the Wild" in the plot. I think this is not fiction novel in which the people achieved the greatest success.

summer: Do you want to say that literature is not just a maze of words, not just writers of the narcissistic self-torture or let off steam.
Cui
: Literature is our actions and a source of meaning of life. Of course, for those who engaged in the literature, there are other literary significance or not, but I will say is that those who engage in literature, not to literature for his personal significance, as has the significance of literature All. In other words, literature is not built on other literary works and other literary authors based on the novel is not addressed to those who wrote the novel to read. To return to the non-fiction writing novels People, to return to their way of life and reading. For me, literature has given me almost everything I taught literature is concerned with people other than their own, the church I surprised to see this vision of the world, and let me know a different century, the era of the nation's tolerance And beliefs.

4 Eastern European literature, and Javier our common bottom line

summer: Eastern European literature on the fact that we have much to say. In Eastern Europe the Czech Republic, we are aware of Kafka, Kundera, Havel now. Kafka in China in a literary writer is the seat, has given a mixed review Kundera, Havel is simply hidden in a place only in literature and ideas, Sharon appeared.
Cui
: Kafka, of course, very exciting. His "I am not you think that I am" attitude decisively, which is facing a "can not be stopped," Guo Xie tide of personal, always with a sense support. Kundera's refusal to sign. Javier situation is different. I borrowed a classic distinction to point out the difference between them, that is, "sing the praises of the heroic poet" and "sing the praises of the heroic poet." The two were in a action in the world and a world language. When Havel was a playwright of the Absurd, he, like Kafka and the latter is a poet; signature and when he called, suffering, he is a real-life action, he is a hero . He wrote those words, his action is needed in the back as support and security. For example, refused to lie, "in real life"; to promote social conscience, for example, appealed to the conscience of departure from the political, but also said that not only do so. This ability to act on many of us it is very strange. People have a lot of talent, time and effort is spent on "to" sliding boundless above, I hope not to see the day when many of our compatriots who drowned in their own saliva into.

summer: on the quality of literature, Kafka is our respect. Kundera gives us a rich sense of the complex. Javier is so close to our heart, and his literature, his thoughts and actions combine to make him a force.
Cui
: Well said! We are close to heart and, with our inherent sense of responsibility for its similarity, it is this sense of responsibility so that people get the power. A person no matter what occupation, in what capacity he is always in the bottom of his heart about a few things have varying degrees of responsibility. In this sense, he felt like a person, not a clown. Havel said that a person's secret is the secret of his sense of responsibility.

summer: I think the introduction of translation and Javier are you on China's intellectual circles. As the Czech writer Vaclav Havel and as the president's provided us with a new dimension. Javier on, you can tell us what?
Cui
: Javier is a belief, he believes there is a greater head of the order, with the Chinese words, "Heaven", people in this world do, do not see in the The sky is always somewhere to be recorded, never to give evaluations, every decision can not be left out, things have not been forgotten, everyone has equal access to the trial of Heaven, for those who suffer humiliation and defeat The people, they are not alone - "years on earth does not lead to the failure of the human erase the sharp pain; is not only aware of our own failures"; On the other hand, for those who harm to the community of people, He has done indelible record, that if he "even after death Hongshuitaotian" a serious mistake, mighty in the face of Heaven, individuals are small, fragile. In this sense, everyone has their own hands are doing bear full responsibility. And others, have greater power in the hands of those who will be the fate of the nation and to assume greater responsibility for tomorrow.

summer: Javier outgoing put an end to his political career. I recently read your translation of Havel's speech at the American University "to bid farewell to politics," he said to see: our world, humanity and our civilization is at a historic turning point has been the most important thing on. We have more than a chance to understand our position and we are in front of the confusion, and towards the rational, peace and justice-oriented, rather than our destruction. I think this kind of voice should be allowed more people to hear.
Cui
: I was recently reading the works of Polish intellectuals Michnik, the man known as the "Gandhi of Poland", "Poland's Lutheran," he said repeatedly before and after the sentence is: "We only A Poland. " He stressed that no matter what time, Poland's social forces not to each other as enemies, Poland is Poland's all Poles, not a part of people into and out of isolation. In that case, I would like to say is --- "There is only one China", in this land of all those who are not in violation of the law in accordance with the wishes of their life, the fate of all are closely linked The. Some of them hurt, even if only a small part of one of the few is the harm to the nation's fingers or toes, it will spread to the entire nation as a whole of organic life.

summer: Your translation of "the spirit of Prague" is also able to give us a spirit of the nutrients, before we know is that in Eastern Europe are the Czech Milan Kundera, and now we know that in addition to Javier, also know Klima As a moral conscience and a sense of the writer, they should be the spirit of our wealth.
Cui
: As far as I know, to be published in the domestic Czech novelist Helaboer another series of works, he was a "servant to the King when," the Czech people on this highly Helaboer Much more than Kundera. The more who inherited the spirit of the Prague Hasek in the traditional rather than Kafka. "World Literature", he published a translation of the Medium length text open, "the noise is too lonely." Last year, won the Nobel Prize for literature is the Kertesz, a Hungarian writer, was also actively preparing for the national publication of his book. His award in a word impressive, he said, describing not only the atrocities of cruel, as well as "violence was at the time of the implementation of recklessly." If so, this writer is very penetrating, many of the human violence is not the face of terrible, it is more frivolous, frivolous act, the results of others, society, history has caused irreparable harm.

5 is the well-being of a broad landscape

summer: In addition to Javier, you also studied de Beauvoir, Virginia Woolf, the 20th century's most outstanding women. Your personal and ideological quality of their cutting edge by the impact it?
Cui
: Virginia Woolf is my favorite writer, I have to recite her big paragraphs. Those changes in the ups and downs of a long sentence, with others to describe her own words, to "suspended particles from the most vulnerable, the most inclusive forms of fuzzy uncertainty." In the complex twists and turns behind the sentence, she is blunt head, blunt humor, frank eyes. For de Beauvoir, I have serious reservations. She's writing ambitions, of course, is amazing, but she was all too much to imitate Jean-Paul Sartre, Jean-Paul Sartre just like a woman, the female is not to imitate men to find their location. I remember the first time, "The Second Sex" that feeling of disappointment, I feel that she has a patchwork.

summer: Do you have a "Arendt for a debate," the article by attention, Arendt was German philosopher Martin Heidegger's lovers, as Heidegger for the Nazis in World War II by the effect of intellectual The ethics charges, you have to defend what Arendt?
Cui
: Arendt and Heidegger's good when 18-year-old. Four years later, Martin sent her to leave. I like the broad selfless Arendt: After the men left, she would not detail where their losses by setting out his grief, we regard them as ego thing, or is becoming cynical. She does not limit the loss of their lost dignity and integrity of the boundaries. I would also like to be able to face her own Zhongzhi honest: Despite Heidegger, as did a shameful thing, she admitted that Heidegger is the first to open her spirituality to give her view of the broad vision of the world. She has a very unique character of loyalty, at the same time can not be a curb growth, leaving Heidegger, her take a long, hard road to her life after a negative thing Refining, into positive things, into the world of love and active participation. Chinese translated version of the "human condition" in the book, she would have to play its name is called "Love the World" and called on the German version of its "active life."


《你是你的船长》（发表于2000年5月30日《北京青年报》）作者崔卫平简介？ 日本

问题:
《你是你的船长》（发表于2000年5月30日《北京青年报》）作者崔卫平简介？

回答:
崔卫平，江苏盐城人，本科毕业于南京大学，1984年研究生毕业，北京电影学院基础部教授。主要研究领域为：政治哲学、电影和文学理论、先锋诗歌，包括当代中－东欧政治文化及其电影、诗歌，著有《带伤的黎明》、《看不见的声音》、《我见过美丽的景象》，译著有《布拉格精神》，编著《不死的海子》等。近年来同时从事思想文化评论写作，并译有当代中东欧思想及文学。

下面提供一下崔卫平接受《南方周末》记者夏榆采访的实录，敬请阅读。

　　1 在生活中我是一个倾听者

　　夏：我看到有传媒在介绍你的个人履历时说：著名学者、文化和思想批评家、翻译家。媒体在评述你的时候用“犀利”和“尖锐”这样的词语来形容。你给我们描述一下自己，你真实的状态什么样？

　　崔：我想自己是“敏于思，拙于言”的那种人。在生活中一般我是一个倾听者，并不激烈抗辩。经常有这样的情况，和别人谈话时，我会眼睁睁盯着别人看，脑子却不知道想到什么地方去了。可能头脑在抗辩，嘴上却说不出来，结果就写成了文章。细想起来，好像我有这样的感觉：生活是一个需要加以保护、呵护的东西，它是一个有机体，一个活物，有一层翳，不能随便破坏这个“翳”，否则会伤害了这个有机体。即使用言词长驱直入，大加鞭鞑，也是不合适的。我尊重和生活的这种距离。

　　夏：那么思想呢？就你而言思想意味着什么？我们知道有的人不知道思想为何物，而有的人思想的价值大于生活的价值。

　　崔：至于思想，那不是别的，那是生活赠与我们的一份礼物。思想的活动使得我们拥有双份的生活：你经历了很多，在生活中有各种各样的碰撞、各种甜酸苦辣的体验，当它们降临时，都是不经意的、偶然的；但如果你把它们在头脑中“回放”一遍，就如同追加了一份，你可以按照自己的理解把它们重新排列组合，求得某种理解，你生存的疆界就扩大了一倍。这个过程也是治疗和恢复自己伤痛的过程，有许多本来是裂缝、皱褶的东西，在你回过头来沉思、反省的时候，就不知不觉抚平了。我没有想到过自己所写的东西是“犀利”的，但也许我选择站立的那个位置是一个比较大的裂缝，一个更多的人都感到的痛点，所以看上去有点尖锐。

　　2 双刃的言词之剑

　　夏：要是说思想家的思想是一把锋刃的话，现在我们就借助这把利刃来切割和剖析一下什么东西。我看到你说“良知战胜黑暗”，请问你说的良知是什么，黑暗是什么？你能具体指出吗？

　　崔：在说到“良知”的时候让我们谨慎点，这不是一个大声嚷嚷的话题。“良知”是我们身上最微弱的力量，它通常不出声，不大声喧哗，不指手画脚，更不盛气凌人。它像影子一样忠实于我们，保守我们的秘密和隐痛。有时我们感到什么地方不对劲，感到不习惯和不自然，正是良知以一种温和的方式在提醒我们：有什么地方失掉了正当的比例，忽视了应有的分寸。在这个意义上，有人将良知称为“内在的神告之声”，我们也不知道从哪儿就拥有了这种本能。“黑暗”的问题有点复杂。我使用这个词更多地涉及到我们自身人性的缺陷，盲目，尤其是历史或环境的混乱和不公正对于人们精神上心理上所造成的伤害，即所谓“我们自身的黑暗”。如果我们批评周围不合理的现象，却对自身的“黑暗”毫无知觉毫无反省，结果还是会通向你所反对的那个东西。比如我们刚才讲的，如果现在存在一种“笑的暴力”，不笑则死笑则活，那么在它背后，仍然拖着一条浓重的遗留的阴影。我想健康的笑是将自己也包含在内，健康的思想是包含对自身的反省在内。

　　夏：你的一篇文章的题目是：“知识分子和生活”，你认为我们有知识分子吗？知识分子用萨义德给出的定义是：思想独立不屈不移。

　　崔：为什么我们没有自己的知识分子？那么你说我们有自己的工人、农民吗？我明白你的意思，你指的是知识分子要起到某个作用。我相信不同的环境中知识分子的作用不一样。我觉得当前中国的知识分子和西方知识分子不一样在于，中国知识分子要维护和帮助建立社会的一些基本价值，维护人类的一些基本原则，而不是像法国知识分子一味地出奇，萨特就是一个语不惊人死不休的人。对中国来说，我们在思想上“拨乱反正”的工作远远没有完成，一些基本的尺度、界限还有待建立，如果社会有走向无序和解体的倾向，那么知识分子的工作就在于帮助建立秩序和整合。所谓知识分子的“独立”，不应该理解为个人的某种突出作用，在中国，尤其是应推动整个社会走向进步和文明。

　　夏：我有一个发现，就是中国很多年轻的有创造力的作家都不愿意承认自己是知识分子。好像“知识分子”是一个令人羞辱的身份。余华就说：不喜欢中国的知识分子。

　　崔：你认为中国现在有“很多年轻的有创造力的作家”么？我不这样认为。我认识一个优秀的小说编辑，他不喜欢余杰的原因在于，许多年轻人本来应该是他的服务对象，是他编辑的那些小说的“理想读者”，但不知怎么就成了余杰的读者。你看许多人的小说写不过余杰的文章，这里有一些需要细想的东西，不能简单地埋怨读者。我不知道余华说那句话的具体语境是什么，但是反过来任何人都可以说“不喜欢中国的小说家”。如果现在知识分子的确是个“令人羞辱的身份”，那么我要说，我就是一名中国知识分子，本来我以为只有等自己死了以后才可以这样说。

　　3 文学及个人经验

　　夏：你关注当下语境中的中国文学吗？文学在你的经验里是什么？为什么在公众那里文学越来越不重要了。你觉得哪儿出了问题呢？

　　崔：举一个例子来回答你的问题。不久前看电视，看到介绍一位北大生物学教授（对不起，记不得他的名字了），他是我国研究大熊猫以及白叶猴的专家，他说自己研究的动物都是“黑白的”，他克服重重困难建立野生动物保护地的工作令人钦佩。他解释自己为什么会走上了这条道路，是因为看了杰克·伦敦的小说，看了《荒野的呼唤》。时隔几十年，他居然十分动情地对着摄影机复述《荒野的呼唤》中的情节。我想这就是小说在不写小说的人们当中取得的最大成功。

　　夏：你是想说，文学不仅仅是语词的迷宫，不仅仅是写作者自恋或自虐的宣泄。

　　崔：文学是我们行动和生活意义的一个源泉。当然，对于从事文学的人来说，文学还有别的意义或者根本没有什么意义，但我想说的是，搞文学的人，不要把文学对于他个人的意义，看作文学所拥有的意义的全部。换句话来说，文学不是建立在其他的文学作品和其他的文学作者的基础之上，小说不是写给那些也写小说的人看的。小说要返回到不写小说的人们之中，返回到这些人的生活和阅读之中。对于我本人来说，文学几乎给了我一切，正是文学教会了我关注自己以外的人与事，教会我用惊讶的眼光看这世界，让我知道不同的世纪、时代、民族中的宽容和信念。

　　4 东欧文学、哈维尔与我们共同的底线

　　夏：关于东欧文学其实我们有很多话要说。在东欧的捷克，我们知道有卡夫卡，有昆德拉，现在又有哈维尔。卡夫卡在中国的作家中处于文学的正席，昆德拉是毁誉参半，哈维尔则干脆处于隐匿的位置，只在文学和思想的沙龙里出现。

　　崔：卡夫卡当然很精彩。他的“我不是你们想象的那个我”的决然态度，对于正在面临某种“不可阻挡”的大潮裹挟的个人来说，永远具有支持意义。昆德拉的拒绝签名也是如此。哈维尔的情况不一样。我借用一个古典的区分来指出他们的区别，那就是“被诗人歌颂的英雄”和“歌颂英雄的诗人”。这两种人分别处于行动的世界和言词的世界。当哈维尔是一个荒诞派剧作家时，他和卡夫卡一样属于后者，是一个诗人；而当他签名、呼吁、受难时，他是一个在现实生活中采取行动的人，他是英雄。他所写下的那些文字，是需要自己行动在后面作为支持和担保的。比如拒绝谎言、“生活在真实中”；比如倡导社会良知、呼吁从良心出发的政治，不仅说而且要这么去做。这样的行动能力对我们许多人来说，是非常陌生的。人们把大量的聪明才智、时间精力都花在“能指”的无限滑动上面，但愿不要看到那么一天，我们身边许多同胞淹死在自己的唾沫之中。

　　夏：就文学的品质而言，卡夫卡是令我们尊敬的。昆德拉给我们丰富繁杂的感觉。哈维尔则让我们内心亲近，他的文学、他的思想和行动结合起来就使他成为一个具有力量的人。

　　崔：说得好！与我们内心相接近，是与我们内在的责任感相接近，正是这种责任感使人们获得力量。一个人不管是什么职业，什么身份，他在内心深处总是对某些事情抱有不同程度的责任感。在这种责任感中，他感觉自己像一个人而不是小丑。哈维尔说过，一个人的秘密是他责任感的秘密。

　　夏：我觉得引进和翻译哈维尔是你对中国知识界的贡献。作为捷克作家的哈维尔和作为总统的哈维尔为我们提供了一个新的向度。关于哈维尔，你还能告诉我们什么？

　　崔：哈维尔是一个有信念的人，他相信头顶上有一个更大的秩序，用中国的话来说，就是“天道”，人们在这个世界上所做的事情，都在看不见的天上某处永远地被记录下来，永远地给予评价，每一件事情都不会被遗漏，没有东西被遗忘，每一个人都要平等地接受天道的审判，因此，对于那些蒙受羞辱和失败的人们来说，他们并不是孤独的——“尘世岁月并不能抹去人间的失败招致的尖锐痛苦；并非我们自己才意识到这些失败”；另一方面，对于那些为恶的人来说，他所做的一切都有着抹不去的记载，他要是认为“死后哪怕洪水滔天”那就大错特错了，在浩浩荡荡的天道面前，个人都是渺小的、脆弱的。在这个意义上，每一个人都要为自己手上正在做的事情负完全责任。而另外一些人，那些手中掌握更大权力的人，他们则要为民族的命运和明天担负更大的责任。

　　夏：哈维尔即将卸任，结束他的政治生涯。我最近看了你译的哈维尔在美国大学的演讲《向政治告别》，看到他说：我们的世界、人性和我们的文明正处于历史以来最重要的转折点上。我们比先前更有机会去理解我们的处境和我们前方的困惑，并且朝向理性、和平和公正而不是导向我们的毁灭。我觉得这样的声音应该让更多的人听到。

　　崔：我最近正在读波兰知识分子米奇尼克的著作，这个人被称为“波兰的甘地”、“波兰的路德”，他前前后后反复说的一句话是：“我们只有一个波兰”。他强调不管什么时候，波兰社会的各种力量不要互相为敌，波兰是所有波兰人的波兰，不要把其中的一部分人划分和隔离出去。那么，我想说的也是———“我们只有一个中国”，在这片大地上所有的人都可以在不违反法律的情况下按照自己的意愿生活，所有人的命运都是紧密联系在一起的。伤害其中一部分人，哪怕只是为数不多的一小部分，就是伤害这个民族的手指或者脚趾，就会波及整个民族有机的整体生活。

　　夏：你的译著《布拉格精神》也是能够给我们精神养分的一部书，以前我们只知道东欧的捷克有米兰·昆德拉，现在我们除了知道哈维尔，还知道克里玛，作为有良知和道义感的作家，他们更应该成为我们精神的财富。

　　崔：据我所知，国内要出版捷克另外一位小说家赫拉伯尔的一系列作品，先是他的一部《我给国王当侍者》，捷克人对这个赫拉伯尔推崇不已，超过昆德拉。这个人更多地继承了布拉格精神中哈谢克的传统而不是卡夫卡。《世界文学》上发表过他的一个中篇译本《过于喧嚣的孤寂》。去年赢得诺贝尔文学奖的是一位匈牙利作家凯尔泰斯，国内也有人积极准备出版他的著作。他的授奖词中有一句令人印象深刻，说他不仅描写了暴行的残忍，同时还有“暴行被实施时的轻率”。如果是这样，这个作家很有穿透力，许多人类的暴力并非是以可怕的面貌出现，它更多就是轻率的、轻浮的行为，结果对他人、社会、历史造成了难以弥补的伤害。

　　5 幸福是一道宽广的风景

　　夏：除了哈维尔，你还研究波伏娃，伍尔芙，这些是20世纪最杰出的女性。你个人的思想品质和锋芒深受她们影响吗？

　　崔：伍尔芙是我心仪的作家，我曾经大段背诵过她的段落。那些长长的变化起伏的句子，用她自己形容别人的话来说，能够“悬浮起最脆弱的微粒，包容起最模糊不定的形体”。在复杂周折的句式背后，是她率直的头脑，率直的性情，率直的目光。对于波伏娃我有很大的保留。她写作方面的抱负当然是令人赞叹的，但是她在各方面太模仿萨特了，简直就像一个女萨特，女性并不是要模仿男性才找到自己位置的。我记得第一次读《第二性》那种失望的感觉，我觉得她在东拼西凑。

　　夏：你有一篇《为阿伦特一辩》的文章广受瞩目，阿伦特是德国哲学家海德格尔的情侣，海德格尔因为在二战中为纳粹效力受到知识界的道德指控，你要为阿伦特辩护什么呢？

　　崔：阿伦特和海德格尔好的时候才18岁。四年之后，海德格尔打发她离去。我喜欢阿伦特的宽广无私：在离开男人之后，她不会细数自己在哪儿受了损失，列出自己的伤痛，把它们当作自我炫耀的东西，要不就是变得愤世嫉俗。她把损失限制在不失去自己的尊严和完整性的界限之内。我也喜欢她能够面对自己忠直无欺：尽管海德格尔做了那样不光彩的事情，她承认是海德格尔最早开启了她的灵性，赋予了她看待世界的宽广眼光。她身上有一种今天非常难得的忠诚的品格，同时具有一种无可遏制的生长性，在离开海德格尔之后，她自己走了漫长、艰辛的道路，她把生活中消极负面的东西经过提炼，转变为积极正面的东西，转变为对于世界的爱和积极参与。中文版译作《人的条件》的那本书，她本来给它起的名字叫作《热爱世界》，它的德文版就叫作《积极生活》。

Posted:2007-11-23 23:18:00