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Category:catering food

Question:
increase in platelets of food and drugs which

Answer:
steamed Xianouxianou wash will be crushed peanuts Lian Yi , with sesame, lotus crystal sugar aggregated into the hole, the slow fire steamed, casual eat it regularly. Lotus of cold can stop bleeding; peanuts, sesame nourishing, can accelerate platelet regeneration.

fried pig’s blood chives 80g leek (washed), 50 grams of pig’s blood with the use Wuhuo fried, seasoned with salt, when cooking food. Leek activating blood, pig blood blood, so it is a good role in blood Huayu.

steamed purslane purslane washed, placed on the steamed rice to garlic, sesame oil Sami, when the vegetable food. Portulaca oleracea of cool, can stop bleeding, thrombocytopenia, Dapiandaixue can eat it regularly.

fungus black fungus soup 12 grams dried persimmons, dried persimmons 4, with Jiantang, every night when the tea. Fungus, dried persimmons are sexually cold, can be Ziyin of thrombocytopenia ecchymosis red, some in Xiaoban hemostatic function. A glue

rice wine rice wine 50 ml, transferred to 10 grams of donkey-hide gelatin, dissolved after the drink, daily one time, there is blood circulation Huayu, the function of the blood to stop bleeding.

Yanggan Tangxianyanggan 40 grams of kelp, seaweed 15 grams, with Shao Tang, add a small amount of starch, garlic, vinegar, soy sauce, Sami, served every morning in winter, more appropriately, can heat the blood, promoting platelet Health

platelet disease is due to reduction in platelet count (thrombocytopenia), or dysfunction (platelet dysfunction) results in only thrombosis and bleeding caused by bad. platelet count below the normal range of 140,000 ~ 400,000 / μl. thrombocytopenic disease may arise due to lack of platelets, platelet resistance spleen right to stay, platelet destruction or utilization increase and diluted (Table 133-1). No matter what kind of reasons for the severe thrombocytopenia, bleeding can be caused by typical: Multiple petechiae, most commonly in the calf; or minor trauma in the affected parts of the small scattered ecchymosis; mucosal bleeding (nose bleeding, gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract and vaginal bleeding); and heavy bleeding after surgery. gastrointestinal tract heavy bleeding and central nervous system bleeding can be life-threatening. Thrombocytopenia, however, not as secondary to blood clotting disorders (such as haemophilia, see section 131) to demonstrate the organization as internal bleeding (such as the deep visceral hematomas or joint product of blood) .
diagnosis
must thoroughly understand the patient’s medication history to rule out patients with increased platelet destruction of sensitive drugs. about 5% of patients receiving heparin may occur thrombocytopenia (see below heparin-induced thrombocytopenia), in order to maintain arterio-venous infusion catheter patency, even if the application of a very small amount of heparin flush, but also disease. other drug-induced thrombocytopenia less, such as quinidine, quinine, sulfa preparations, oral anti-diabetic drugs, gold salts and rifampin . There is also a very important history content, history may elicit prompt immune-based diseases, symptoms (such as joint pain, Raynaud’s phenomenon, fever of unknown origin); prompted thrombotic thrombocytopenia (see below TTP-HUS) signs of and symptoms; within 10 days of blood transfusion may be prompted to post-transfusion purpura, a large number of drinking alcohol induced thrombocytopenia prompted .5% of pregnant women during delivery can occur with mild thrombocytopenia. As the infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV ) patients often accompanied by thrombocytopenia may be idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura syndrome (see ITP) phase identification; It can be drawn to other symptoms of HIV infection risk factors and medical history. physical examination for diagnosis is also very important: (1 ) is usually secondary to infection or active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) thrombocytopenia, and thrombotic thrombocytopenia (TTP) when you have a fever, and in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and drug - purpura is not related to fever. (2) Due to increased destruction of platelets (for example, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and drug-related immune thrombocytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura) caused by thrombocytopenia patients spleen palpation is not increased; while secondary resistance spleen on platelet thrombocytopenia remaining majority of patients with spleen may be palpable, secondary to lymphoma, or myeloproliferative disease, thrombocytopenia patients as well. (3) Other signs of chronic liver disease diagnosis is also meaningful, such as angioma, jaundice, and liver palms. (4) a common cause of late pregnancy thrombocytopenia. peripheral blood cell count is to determine the nature and severity of thrombocytopenia in the critical examination, while blood Tu film examination can provide clues to its cause examination (Table 133-2). If the thrombocytopenia is not associated with other diseases that affect hemostasis (such as liver disease or disseminated intravascular coagulation), hemostasis screening tests (see section 131) is normal. Bone marrow as checking to see if the blood smear on the outside of an exception among thrombocytopenia, there are indications of this examination. This examination can provide the number of megakaryocytes and morphological information, and to identify with or without cause bone marrow failure diseases (for example, bone marrow dysplasia) exist. clinical significance of anti-platelet antibody test is not. If the patient history or examination to provide the basis risk of HIV infection, they should be HIV antibody test. In addition to petechiae, purpura and mucosal bleeding (minor or more than the amount ), the physical examination were negative. blood test results, in addition to decrease in platelet count, were normal. can be found among bone marrow examination is usually normal or megakaryocytes increase in the number, the other is also normal.
treatment of thrombocytopenia
Treatment with the cause and severity of their ever-changing, the need to rapidly identify the cause, if possible, should be corrected (as in the heparin-related thrombocytopenia disabled heparin). because repeated platelet transfusion will have the same kinds of platelet antibodies , resulting in reduced efficacy, and thus should be used intermittently to prevent the above-mentioned antibodies. If the thrombocytopenia is due to platelet consumption, then the platelet transfusion should be retained in the treatment of life-threatening hemorrhage or central nervous system. if due to bone marrow failure caused by thrombocytopenia, platelet transfusion is retained in the treatment of acute bleeding or severity of thrombocytopenia (such as platelet count<10000/μl). the treatment of adults usually start oral corticosteroids (such as prednisone daily 1mg/kg). such as effective, platelet count will be 2 to 6 weeks returned to normal, and then gradually decrease corticosteroids. but the majority of patients not satisfied with the efficacy or reduce recurrence after adrenal steroid dose. splenectomy allows 50% to 60% of patients have been alleviated. for the use steroids and splenectomy for the treatment to be ineffective in patients, the efficacy of the use of other drugs have not yet confirmed. As long course of chronic ITP, while low mortality rates in patients with chronic ITP, while treatment still need to carefully weigh the pros and cons. application of synthetic androgen (up to danazol), or the use of azathioprine, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, or cyclosporine immunosuppressive therapy efficacy is not uniform. For ITP patients with lethal hemorrhage, use of intravenous immune globulin ( IVIg), which suppress the monocyte-macrophage cells, clear coated the role of platelet antibodies. IVIg dose 1g/kg, 1 day or 2 days in a row. in patients with platelet counts often can be increased by 2 to 4 days, but only the maintenance of 2 ~ for 4 weeks. high-dose methylprednisolone 1g / (kg.d) intravenous infusion of 3 days will enable the rapid rise in platelet count, and the cost of slightly less than IVIg. for those patients with life-threatening bleeding should also infusion platelets. Because glucocorticoid steroids or IVIg might be expected in a few days markedly, and thus should not be preventive infusion of platelets in patients with ITP. children and adults the opposite treatment. the use of corticosteroids or IVIg can rapidly restore platelet count, but we can not improve the clinical outcome . As the majority of children in a few days or weeks from the severe thrombocytopenia spontaneous recovery, and sometimes recommend supportive therapy alone. on the use of corticosteroids or IVIg ineffective in children with chronic-type ITP splenectomy should be delayed for at least 6 ~ 12 months, that the absence of the spleen in children with increased risk of serious infection, even if the illness evolved throughout the years, most children can be spontaneous ease.

Chinese:增加血小板的食物和药物有哪些

类别: 餐饮食品

问题:
增加血小板的食物和药物有哪些

回答:
清蒸鲜藕鲜藕洗净，将连衣花生捣碎，与芝麻、冰糖合并纳入藕孔中，文火蒸熟，随意常食。藕性寒凉，可止血；花生、芝麻养血，可加速血小板再生。

　　韭菜炒猪血韭菜80克（洗净），猪血50克，同用武火炒熟，加盐调味，当菜食。韭菜活血，猪血补血，故有补血化淤的良好作用。

　　蒸马齿苋马齿苋洗净，置于米饭上蒸熟，以大蒜、香油佐味，当菜食。马齿苋性凉，能止血，血小板减少、大便带血者可常食。

　　木耳柿饼汤黑木耳12克，柿饼4只，同煎汤，每晚当茶饮。木耳、柿饼均性凉，可滋阴，对血小板减少淤斑鲜红者，有消斑止血的功用。

　　黄酒阿胶液黄酒50毫升，调入阿胶10克，溶化后饮，每日1次，有活血化淤、补血止血之功用。

　　羊肝海带汤鲜羊肝40克，海带15克，同烧汤，加入少量淀粉、蒜、醋、酱油佐味，每天早晨服，冬天更宜，能补血清热，促进血小板生

血小板疾病是由于血小板数量减少(血小板减少症)或功能减退(血小板功能不全)导致止血栓形成不良和出血而引起的. 血小板数低于正常范围14万~40万/μl. 血小板减少症可能源于血小板产生不足,脾脏对血小板的阻留,血小板破坏或利用增加以及被稀释(表133-1).无论何种原因所致的严重血小板减少,都可引起典型的出血：多发性瘀斑,最常见于小腿；或在受轻微外伤的部位出现小的散在性瘀斑；粘膜出血(鼻出血,胃肠道和泌尿生殖道和阴道出血)；和手术后大量出血.胃肠道大量出血和中枢神经系统内出血可危及生命.然而血小板减少症不会像继发于凝血性疾病(如血友病,参见第131节)那样表现出组织内出血(如深部内脏血肿或关节积血).
诊断
必须彻底弄清病人的服药史,以排除对敏感病人增加血小板破坏的药物.约5%接受肝素治疗的患者可发生血小板减少(见下文肝素诱发血小板减少),为保持动静脉输注导管通畅,即使应用极少量肝素冲洗,也可发病.其他药物较少诱发血小板减少症,例如奎尼丁,奎宁,磺胺制剂,口服抗糖尿病药,金盐以及利福平. 病史中还有很重要的内容,病史中可能引出提示免疫性基础疾病的症状(例如关节疼痛,雷诺氏现象,不明热)；提示血栓性血小板减少症(见下文TTP-HUS)的体征与症状；10天之内输过血提示可能是输血后紫癜,大量饮酒提示酒精所致血小板减少症.5%孕妇分娩期可发生轻度血小板减少症.由于感染人类免疫缺陷性病毒(HIV)的患者常伴血小板减少症,可与特发性血小板减少性紫癜症(见ITP)相鉴别；由此可以得出其他HIV感染症状的危险因素和病史. 体检对诊断亦很重要：(1)通常继发于感染性或活动性系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的血小板减少症以及血栓性血小板减少症(TTP)时有发热,而在特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)以及与药物有关的紫癜则不发热.(2)由于血小板的破坏增加(例如特发性血小板减少性紫癜,与药物有关的免疫性血小板减少症,血栓性血小板减少性紫癜)而引起的血小板减少症病人的脾脏扪诊不增大；而继发于脾脏对血小板阻留的血小板减少症患者的脾脏大多可以扪及,继发于淋巴瘤或骨髓增生性疾病的血小板减少症病人也是如此.(3)其他慢性肝病的体征对诊断也有意义,如蜘蛛痣,黄疸和肝掌.(4)妊娠末期常引起血小板减少症. 外周血细胞计数是确定血小板减少症及其严重性的关键性检查,同时血涂片检查能为其病因检查提供线索(表133-2).若血小板减少不伴有其他影响止血功能的疾病(例如肝脏疾病或弥散性血管内凝血),止血功能筛选检查(参见第131节)则是正常的.骨髓象检查若在血涂片上见到除血小板减少以外的异常,有本检查适应证.本检查可提供巨核细胞的数量及形态的信息,并确定有或无引起骨髓功能衰竭疾病(例如骨髓异常增生)的存在.抗血小板抗体检查临床意义不大.若患者病史或检查提供HIV感染危险依据,应对其进行HIV抗体检查. 除了瘀斑,紫癜和粘膜出血(轻微或量多)外,体检结果均为阴性.外周血检查结果,除血小板数目减少外,均属正常.骨髓检查通常除可发现巨核细胞正常或数量增加外,其他亦属正常.
治疗
血小板减少症的治疗随其病因和严重程度而多变,需迅速鉴别病因,若有可能应予以纠正(如在肝素有关的血小板减少症停用肝素).由于血小板反复输注会产生同种血小板抗体,造成疗效的降低,因而要间歇性使用以预防上述抗体产生.若血小板减少是由于血小板消耗,则血小板输注应保留于治疗致命性或中枢神经系出血.若由于骨髓衰竭引起的血小板减少,则血小板输注保留于治疗急性出血或严重性血小板减少(如血小板数＜10000/μl). 成年人的治疗通常开始口服皮质类固醇(例如强的松每日1mg/kg).如有效,血小板计数将在2~6周内恢复正常,然后逐步递减皮质类固醇.但大多数病人的疗效不够满意,或是减少肾上腺类固醇剂量后即复发.脾脏切除可使50%~60%病人得到缓解.对于用类固醇和脾脏切除治疗难以奏效的病人,使用其他药物的疗效尚未证实.由于慢性ITP病程长,同时慢性ITP患者死亡率低,而对治疗方法的利弊仍须慎重权衡.应用合成的雄激素(达那唑),或使用硫唑嘌呤,长春新碱,环磷酰胺,或环孢菌素的免疫抑制疗法的疗效并不一致. 对ITP伴致死性出血的患者,可使用免疫球蛋白静注(IVIg),这可抑制单核巨噬细胞的清除包被抗体血小板的作用.IVIg剂量1g/kg,1天或连续2天.患者血小板数常可在2~4天内上升,但仅维持2~4周.大剂量甲基强的松龙1g/(kg.d)静脉输注3天,可使血小板数迅速上升,且费用略低于IVIg.对那些有致命性出血的患者亦应输注血小板.由于糖皮质类固醇或IVIg可能预期在几天内显效,因而对ITP患者不应预防性输注血小板. 患儿治疗与成人相反.使用皮质类固醇或IVIg可迅速恢复血小板数,但不能改善临床结果.由于大多患儿在几天或几周内可从严重血小板减少症自发性恢复,有时推荐单用支持疗法.对使用皮质类固醇或IVIg无效的慢性型ITP患儿脾切除术应至少推迟6~12个月,这由于无脾患儿增加了严重感染的危险,即使患病经年累月,大多患儿可自发性缓解.